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Viola in the West Virginia Mountains
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Written by: Barry Glick © 1995, 2000 All Rights Reserved
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Living at 3,000 feet
in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia has some definite advantages. For instance,
there are almost 30 Viola species native to West Virginia and most of them can be found in
the woods and meadows near my farm. All of the species are abundant in the wild and there
is no such thing as a rare viola. This abundance does not diminish the joy of stumbling
onto a new population. They all make excellent garden plants and will surprise you as to
how well they perform when you remove them from the competition of weeds, surrounding species,
and tree roots.
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The earliest Viola to bloom
in the spring is Viola rotundifolia. V. rotundifolia springs forth
from a rather rough rootstock that becomes horizontal as the plant ages. The spring leaves are
orbicular or ovate and are mildly pubescent with short white hairs. The flower petals are bright
primrose yellow with three lower brown striations, sometimes chocolate tinted. The summer leaves
are almost orbicular, but cordate at the base. It is the only stem-less yellow violet found in
West Virginia. When I say stem-less, I am referring to the plant, not the flowers.
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Viola rotundifolia
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Photo Copyright:
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Gary W. Sherwin © 2000
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All Rights Reserved.
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Viola hastata
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Photo Copyright:
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Gary W. Sherwin © 2000
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All Rights Reserved.
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Viola hastata is a fascinating plant.
Even if it never flowered, it would be well worth growing for its silvery marbled foliage. The specific
epithet, hastata, refers to the almost arrow shape of the leaves. The variation among populations
is astounding. I have spent much time in the woods leapfrogging around on the ground looking at leaves as different
as snowflakes. V. hastata has yellow flowers.
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Viola Canadensis is the tallest of our native Viola species. As with the aforementioned species, this Viola
can be found in moist rich woods throughout the state. Attaining a height of 12”- 6”, this species has large white flowers
with a spur petal that is yellow at the base and striped with fine, dark lines. The three lower petals are purple veined.
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Viola
Canadensis
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Photo Copyright:
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Gary W. Sherwin © 2000
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All Rights Reserved.
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Viola pedata
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Photo Copyright:
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Purchased byAVS
© 2000
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All Rights Reserved.
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Viola pedata is known locally as the
“Bird’s Foot Violet.” This common name comes from the fact that the foliage resembles the shape of a bird’s foot.
In contrast to the above species, V. pedata> is found mainly in a shale barren setting in well drained
“shaly”, rock soil. Its variably colored flowers are among the showiest of the genus. The flowers are produced
in profusion in early spring and held well above the foliage. Colors range from pale blue to dark lilac. A friend
in Decatur, Georgia, Don Jacobs at Eco Gardens, has selected a lovely form and named it “Eco Artists’ Palette.”
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Some of the other species of Viola that can be found in the “Mountain State” are: Viola cucullata, papilionacea, affinis,
sagittata, emarginata, triloba, septentrionalis, fimbriatula, sororia, hirsutula, palmate, lanceolata, primulifolia, blanda,
pallens, tripartita, pubescens, Pennsylvania, striata, conspersa, appalachiensis, rostrata,and rafinesquii I
hope that this brief foray into one small area of our native flora whets your appetite for native plants and that you will
come visit West Virginia a true botanical paradise.
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Viola rostrata
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Photo Copyright:
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Gary W. Sherwin © 2000
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All Rights Reserved.
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